1. caddy 简介
官方文档：https://caddyserver.com/docs/
我认为caddy 就是类似于nginx 的角色，并且其没有依赖，丰富的平台支持性，简洁的使用方式，完全可以用于在某些场景替换nginx
nginx VS. caddy：https://cloudinfrastructureservices.co.uk/caddy-vs-nginx-which-web-server-is-better/
2. caddy VS. nginx
GPT: 比较Caddy和Nginx的方面：
配置简单性： Caddy以其简洁的配置语法而闻名，通过Caddyfile配置文件，用户可以轻松地完成各种任务，包括自动配置HTTPS、反向代理、静态文件服务等。相比之下，Nginx的配置文件语法可能相对复杂一些。
自动HTTPS： Caddy内置了自动获取和管理SSL证书的功能，可以在几乎不需要额外配置的情况下实现自动化的HTTPS支持。而Nginx需要手动设置和配置SSL证书。
插件生态系统： Caddy具有丰富的插件生态系统，可以通过插件扩展功能。Nginx也有很多模块和插件，但配置和管理可能需要更多的技术知识。
性能： 在性能方面，Nginx通常被认为是高性能的Web服务器，适用于处理大量的并发连接。Caddy也具备良好的性能，但在处理大规模负载时，Nginx可能会稍微更有优势。
学习曲线： 由于Caddy的简单配置和自动化特性，对于初学者来说，上手和学习可能会更容易。而Nginx的配置可能需要一些时间来理解和掌握。
需要注意的是，选择Caddy还是Nginx取决于你的需求和经验水平。如果你需要更高级的配置选项、对性能要求很高，或者已经熟悉Nginx，那么Nginx可能更适合你。如果你想要一个简单、自动化的解决方案，并且不需要太多复杂的配置，Caddy可能是一个更好的选择。
3. caddy 简单使用
1. 安装
caddy 支持很多平台，文档：https://caddyserver.com/docs/install
Official:
Static binaries Debian, Ubuntu, Raspbian packages Fedora, RedHat, CentOS packages Arch Linux, Manjaro, Parabola packages Docker image Our official packages come only with the standard modules. If you need third-party plugins, build from source with xcaddy or use our download page.
Community-maintained:
Homebrew (Mac) Chocolatey (Windows) Scoop (Windows) Webi Ansible Termux Nix/Nixpkgs/NixOS
我这里使用scoop 在windows 平添安装caddy
scoop install caddy
Scoop was updated successfully!
Installing 'caddy' (2.7.4) [64bit] from main bucket
caddy_2.7.4_windows_amd64.zip (14.1 MB) [===========================================================] 100%
Checking hash of caddy_2.7.4_windows_amd64.zip ... ok.
Extracting caddy_2.7.4_windows_amd64.zip ... done.
Linking D:\scoop\apps\caddy\current => D:\scoop\apps\caddy\2.7.4
Creating shim for 'caddy'.
'caddy' (2.7.4) was installed successfully!
caddy 的子命令相当多：
(base) PS D:\Projects\windmill\frontend> caddy
Caddy is an extensible server platform written in Go.
At its core, Caddy merely manages configuration. Modules are plugged
in statically at compile-time to provide useful functionality. Caddy's
standard distribution includes common modules to serve HTTP, TLS,
and PKI applications, including the automation of certificates.
To run Caddy, use:
- 'caddy run' to run Caddy in the foreground (recommended).
- 'caddy start' to start Caddy in the background; only do this
if you will be keeping the terminal window open until you run
'caddy stop' to close the server.
When Caddy is started, it opens a locally-bound administrative socket
to which configuration can be POSTed via a restful HTTP API (see
https://caddyserver.com/docs/api).
Caddy's native configuration format is JSON. However, config adapters
can be used to convert other config formats to JSON when Caddy receives
its configuration. The Caddyfile is a built-in config adapter that is
popular for hand-written configurations due to its straightforward
syntax (see https://caddyserver.com/docs/caddyfile). Many third-party
adapters are available (see https://caddyserver.com/docs/config-adapters).
Use 'caddy adapt' to see how a config translates to JSON.
For convenience, the CLI can act as an HTTP client to give Caddy its
initial configuration for you. If a file named Caddyfile is in the
current working directory, it will do this automatically. Otherwise,
you can use the --config flag to specify the path to a config file.
Some special-purpose subcommands build and load a configuration file
for you directly from command line input; for example:
- caddy file-server
- caddy reverse-proxy
- caddy respond
These commands disable the administration endpoint because their
configuration is specified solely on the command line.
In general, the most common way to run Caddy is simply:
$ caddy run
Or, with a configuration file:
$ caddy run --config caddy.json
If running interactively in a terminal, running Caddy in the
background may be more convenient:
$ caddy start
...
$ caddy stop
This allows you to run other commands while Caddy stays running.
Be sure to stop Caddy before you close the terminal!
Depending on the system, Caddy may need permission to bind to low
ports. One way to do this on Linux is to use setcap:
$ sudo setcap cap_net_bind_service=+ep $(which caddy)
Remember to run that command again after replacing the binary.
See the Caddy website for tutorials, configuration structure,
syntax, and module documentation: https://caddyserver.com/docs/
Custom Caddy builds are available on the Caddy download page at:
https://caddyserver.com/download
The xcaddy command can be used to build Caddy from source with or
without additional plugins: https://github.com/caddyserver/xcaddy
Where possible, Caddy should be installed using officially-supported
package installers: https://caddyserver.com/docs/install
Instructions for running Caddy in production are also available:
https://caddyserver.com/docs/running
Usage:
caddy [command]
Examples:
$ caddy run
$ caddy run --config caddy.json
$ caddy reload --config caddy.json
$ caddy stop
Available Commands:
adapt Adapts a configuration to Caddy's native JSON
add-package Adds Caddy packages (EXPERIMENTAL)
build-info Prints information about this build
completion Generate completion script
environ Prints the environment
file-server Spins up a production-ready file server
fmt Formats a Caddyfile
hash-password Hashes a password and writes base64
help Help about any command
list-modules Lists the installed Caddy modules
manpage Generates the manual pages for Caddy commands
reload Changes the config of the running Caddy instance
remove-package Removes Caddy packages (EXPERIMENTAL)
respond Simple, hard-coded HTTP responses for development and testing
reverse-proxy A quick and production-ready reverse proxy
run Starts the Caddy process and blocks indefinitely
start Starts the Caddy process in the background and then returns
stop Gracefully stops a started Caddy process
storage Commands for working with Caddy's storage (EXPERIMENTAL)
trust Installs a CA certificate into local trust stores
untrust Untrusts a locally-trusted CA certificate
upgrade Upgrade Caddy (EXPERIMENTAL)
validate Tests whether a configuration file is valid
version Prints the version
Flags:
-h, --help help for caddy
Use "caddy [command] --help" for more information about a command.
Full documentation is available at:
https://caddyserver.com/docs/command-line
4. Run the daemon
caddy run to run a daemon
(base) PS D:\Projects\windmill\frontend> caddy run
2023/08/21 06:10:38.907 INFO admin admin endpoint started {"address": "localhost:2019", "enforce_origin": false, "origins": ["//localhost:2019", "//[::1]:2019", "//127.0.0.1:2019"]}
2023/08/21 06:10:38.907 INFO serving initial configuration
5. 创建一个配置
caddy_conig.demo.json
{
"apps": {
"http": {
"servers": {
"example": {
"listen": [":2015"],
"routes": [
{
"handle": [{
"handler": "static_response",
"body": "Hello, world!"
}]
}
]
}
}
}
}
}
加载配置：
$ curl localhost:2019/load \
> -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
> -d @caddy_config.demo.json
这时在http://localhost:2019/config/中就可以看到我们的配置了
根据配置文件，我们curl :2015
curl localhost:2015
Hello, world!
该文档详细介绍了使用json作为服务配置以及使用/load端点来加载配置文件：https://caddyserver.com/docs/quick-starts/api
6. 使用caddy file
上述为了显示一个hello world ，工作量非常大
我们使用CaddyFile:
:2016
respond "Hello, world! with Caddyfile"
然后使用caddy 重新加载该文件：
caddy adapt --config /path/to/Caddyfile
$ caddy adapt --config Caddyfile
{"apps":{"http":{"servers":{"srv0":{"listen":[":2016"],"routes":[{"handle":[{"body":"Hello, world! with Caddyfile","handler":"static_response"}]}]}}}}}
2023/08/21 06:29:21.751 WARN caddyfile Caddyfile input is not formatted; run 'caddy fmt --overwrite'
to fix inconsistencies {"file": "Caddyfile", "line": 3}
这里是使用了caddy 的适配器：配置适配器，将我们的 Caddyfile 转换为 Caddy 的原生 JSON 结构。
我们只需要重启一下：caddy stop && caddy run
使用reload重载配置
caddy reload
$ curl localhost:2016
Hello, world! with Caddyfile
如果我们有多个端点，可以使用大括号包裹
localhost {
respond "Hello, world!"
}
localhost:2016 {
respond "Goodbye, world!"
}
该文档介绍了Caddyfile的常用示例和模式：https://caddyserver.com/docs/caddyfile/patterns
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